Consulta ginecológica de enfermagem: instrumento de identificação e combate ao papilomavírus humano

Abstract

Currently, the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), a virus known for its carcinogenic potential, is responsible for the development of cervical cancer and as a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) throughout the world, causing the third neoplasia that most affects Brazilian women. As it is a disease with silent and slow evolution, some women only seek help when they are symptomatic or when the cancer is at an advanced stage. Lack of knowledge makes HPV screening difficult and increases the likelihood of contracting the virus, which can be avoided through the vaccine and barrier contraceptive methods. Screening is carried out through a cytopathological examination, better known as a Pap smear. Precursor lesions of cervical cancer are discovered through cytopathological examination, and depending on the development of the lesion, treatment achieves high cure rates. However, for adequate screening to occur, the collection of the cytopathological examination needs to be carried out satisfactorily, with the capture of cells from the squamocolumnar junction (SJ), Transformation Zone (TZ), ectocervix and endocervix. With this assumption, this work proposes an analysis to discover the quality of samples collected from cytopathological exams, aiming for satisfactory results and to investigate the number of cases diagnosed as HPV in a city of Maceió – AL. To achieve this objective, the results of 113.567 samples from cytopathological collections carried out in the municipality of Maceió-AL, from 2019 to 2023, were analyzed. Theanalysis made it possible to demonstrate that the vast majority of samples obtained satisfactorycollection results.