Associação entre a terapia antirretroviral e o risco cardiometabólico em pessoas vivendo com HIV em Alagoas

Abstract

The use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is indispensable for the treatment of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Although it has a positive impact on the reduction of HIV-related mortality and morbidity, pharmacological treatment has adverse effects, combined with the aging of this group and the deleterious effects of the virus on the body, making infected individuals predisposed to the development of cardiovascular diseases and changes in lipid and glycemic metabolism. In this scenario, this study aimed to investigate the association between ART and the development of metabolic syndrome (MSet). For this study, volunteers aged ≥18 years, diagnosed with HIV and treated in the outpatient system of Maceió/AL, were selected, the data collection process consisted of filling out an identification form, anthropometric evaluation, blood pressure measurement, biochemical dosage by capillary blood and therapeutic survey, including therapeutic scheme, time of diagnosis and treatment, TCD4+ lymphocyte (LT-CD4+) and viral load (VC) values. The diagnosis of ETS was based on the criteria proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP-III). The final sample consisted of 351 volunteers, of which 40 were not on ART and 311 were distributed between 1st line (47.01%), 2nd line (14.81%) and alternative (27.78%) schemes. No association was identified between the therapeutic regimens used and the prevalence of ETS. However, the reduction in HDL levels was an alteration present in all the regimens analyzed, while the increase in waist circumference (WC) was more frequent among the 2nd line and alternative regimens. With regard to the therapeutic variables, the LT-CD4+ count, VC and time of diagnosis were not related to the development of SMet, whereas the treatment time was significantly longer in the "With SMet" group.