Transtornos mentais em pessoas idosas vítimas de desastres induzidos pelo homem: uma revisão de escopo

Abstract

Introduction: Introduction: Human-induced disasters can directly or indirectly affect older adults, contributing to a greater vulnerability to the development of mental disorders. Objective: To map studies on the presence of mental disorders in older adults who have experienced human-induced disasters. Methodology: This is a scoping review based on the guidelines of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The strategy of population (elderly person), concept (mental disorder) and context (human-induced disaster) was adopted. The search strategy was applied to Medline/PubMed, LILACS/BVS, PsycoInfo, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL without temporal or linguistic limitations. The search strategy was carried out in January 2024. Publications were extracted to EndNote, followed by Rayyan. The selection was carried out by blind peer review, with conflicts resolved by a third reviewer. Results: Thirty-six studies were included in this review. The study with the largest sample included 18,657 elderly people and the smallest sample included 14. Most of the studies were conducted in the USA; they were cross-sectional studies and addressed terrorism and industrial accidents. The two most commonly used scales to assess victims were the Impact Events Scale and the General Health Questionnaire. The mental disorders identified were: post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, anxiety disorder and panic disorder, in addition to the use or abuse of psychoactive substances. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate the presence of mental illness in elderly people who are victims of man-made disasters, although they have greater resilience due to their experiences throughout life.