Avaliação do potencial antimicrobiano, antioxidante e cicatrizante do extrato etanólico de Hyptis pectinata L. Point (Sambacaitá)

Abstract

Hyptis pectinata species (sambacaitá) is used in traditional medicine by people for the treatment of conditions such as rhinopharyngitis, skin disorders, gastric disorders, fever and infections caused by bacteria and fungi. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, antioxidant, cytotoxic and healing of sambacaitá. The parts of the plants were separated into leaves and stems and subjected to extraction by maceration in ethanol to obtain the ethanol extract. Thereafter, the extracts were subjected to fractionation to obtain fractions of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol. Tests were performed in vitro phytochemical prospecting; Cytotoxicity via cell viability by the MTT test; Antioxidant activity for the kidnapping of free radical DPPH; Antimicrobial by the microdilution broth method; The evaluation of capacity was carried healing in vivo using mice as animal model. The phytochemical screening test identified the presence of classes of secondary metabolites tannins, terpenes, alkaloids and flavones, flavanols and xanthones in the ethanol extract of the leaves (EEF) and terpenes in ethanol extract of stalk (EEC). The EEF extracts, their fractions and extract the EEC showed no cytotoxicity. Since the fractions hexane, chloroform and ethyl Acetat EEC showed cytotoxicity evidenced by cell lysis. As the EPS showed scavenging capacity of free radical DPPH with an IC50 of 133.32 μg/mL. The EEF and EEC extracts and its fractions showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The EEF inhibited with a Staphylococcus aureus MIC 500 μg/mL and its methanolic fractions, ethyl acetate and methanol with an MIC of 250 μg/mL. Since the EEC extract was not able to inhibit this same microrganism. It´s chloroform fraction showed MIC of 500 μg/mL and its ethyl acetate fraction 250 μg/mL. As regards the healing potential, the EEF showed no wound healing activity when compared to the positive control group. There were no significant macroscopic changes in the organs of animals after euthanasia and biochemical analysis of renal and hepatic function showed no significant differences between the groups means. There were also no significant differences between the groups in the histological findings of the wounds. We conclude that the plant studied showed moderate antimicrobial activity against the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, ability to scavenge the free radical DPPH, demonstrating its antioxidant potential and showed no healing activity. Before found results, the investment is necessary in studies exploring more and more the medicinal potential of it.