Novas relações de trabalho: a uberização em Alagoas entre 2012 e 2022

Abstract

This dissertation aims to analyze the socioeconomic effects of the process of uberization of work in the State of Alagoas, specifically the case of drivers and delivery drivers by applications, between the years 2012 to 2022. The concept of "uberization" stems from a neologism to describe modern forms of control, management and organization of work, based on the provision of services through digital platforms, a process in which the provider has no formal employment relationship. In the case of the State of Alagoas, in view of its high degrees of unemployment and informality, it is crucial to understand the consequences of this new morphology of work. Therefore, the research adopts the dialectical method, presenting a qualitative approach with the use of secondary data. It is classified as an exploratory and descriptive research, since there are still few studies produced on the subject in Alagoas. A broad literature review was carried out on the main changes in the Brazilian labor market in recent decades, as well as data on employment and income, seeking to capture the evolution of the Economically Active Population, via Demographic Censuses and National Surveys by Household Samples, both published by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. Specifically, we used the microdata of the Continuous PNAD referring to variables interconnected to the segments of drivers and delivery drivers by applications in Alagoas, in comparison with the other categories of employment, in addition to the characterization of the profile of these classes, aiming to assess the relationship between high unemployment and expansion of uberization. It was evident that the drivers are predominantly men, aged between 25 and 39 years, of brown color and with complete high school education. The nominal income ranges between R$ 1,200.00 and R$ 1,500.00 per month and they perform excessive hours of work (40 to 49 hours per week). Only 2.5% make a social security contribution and less than 2% perform their functions with a formal contract. It is hoped, in this way, to understand the main transformations and changes processed in the world of work throughout the first decades of the twenty-first century. It is believed that, with the present study, it will be possible to draw a more complete panorama of the Alagoas labor market, encompassing the new forms of work, such as uberization.