Videomodelação para ensinar profissionais da educação a implementar o ensino por tentativas discretas

Abstract

Intervention based on Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) has been widely recommended for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A teaching procedure that has been used to teach different skills to individuals with ASD is Discrete Trial Training (DTT). Therefore, it is important to teach staff, teachers and caregivers to implement DTT. The purpose of the presente work was to teach the implementation of the DTT through videomodeling for four paraprofessionals of children with ASD. We conducted three studies. The first study consisted of a systematic review of the literature on training the implementation of DTT. Fifteen studies met inclusion criteria. Behavioral Skills Training (BST) was the most commonly implemented training procedure, most participants were therapists and the nonconcurrent multiple baseline design accross participants was the most used experimental design. The second study consisted of producting and validating a video to teach the implementation of the DTT. The video was composed by a description of 11 steps necessary for the implementation of the DTT, which were identified through a task analysis. The description was followed by a demonstration of a nine-trial block of motor imitation training through DTT. Six professionals with different areas of expertise viewed the video and indicated that it had all the steps required to perform the DTT. The third study evaluated the effects of the exposure to the video on DTT implementation by four paraprofessionals. A nonconcurrent multiple baseline design accross participants was used. The procedure consisted of the following phases: pretest, exposure to the video, posttest and maintenance test seven days after the posttest. Results demonstrated that videomodeling was effective to teach the implementation of DTT. The validation of the video consists in an advance in the literature on training the implementation of teaching procedures based on ABA through videomodeling.