Tendência temporal das internações por insuficiência cardíaca no Brasil entre 2012 e 2022

Abstract

Heart Failure is a clinical syndrome that occurs due to the inability of the heart to pump blood to organs and tissues. Due to the fact that it is a result of several factors, from the lack of healthy daily habits to the presence of diseases that predispose it, the syndrome is known as the final route of cardiovascular diseases. In such a way that it explains the prevalence in the number of cases and, consequently, the costs of the disease, as it is the main cause of hospitalizations in Brazil and the world. Thus, the study aims to describe the temporal trend of hospitalizations for heart failure in Brazil between the years 2012 and 2022. This is an ecological epidemiological study, descriptive in nature with a quantitative approach. During the period from 2012 to 2022, Brazil had a total of 2,245,388 cases of hospitalizations due to Heart Failure registered, with the Southeast region representing 42.2% of cases compared to the others. The age group with the highest prevalence is individuals aged 60 or over (in 2022 with 149,283 cases), males (in 2022 with 103,635 cases) and brown race/color (77,255 cases in 2022). The nature of care is represented by urgency (in 2022 with 187,607). The average length of stay was characterized by progressive growth and little variation, with the Southeast region presenting the highest average (7.9 days). The mortality rate presented an average of 11.12 deaths per thousand inhabitants in the country. The number of deaths varied between regions, in which the regions that represent the extremes of these numbers are represented by the North Region with the lowest number of deaths, with the state of Amapá (404 deaths), and by the Southeast Region with the highest number of deaths. deaths, with the state of São Paulo (60,550 deaths). As Brazil is considered a country of continental dimensions, when divided into regions there are different aspects to be analyzed, from the encompassing territory of each region as well as its population. Due to constant hospitalizations due to Heart Failure, it is essential to analyze which factors aggravate this situation with the aim of implementing actions that seek to improve the quality of services and reduce hospitalizations, bearing in mind that these factors reflect in greater investments aimed at public health services linked to the syndrome. When describing and characterizing hospitalizations due to Heart Failure in Brazil between the years 2012 and 2022, a progressive increase in the number of hospitalizations was observed in all regions of Brazil, especially in the Southeast, with the majority of individuals being male, of race/ mixed race, aged 60 or over, in emergency care and with an average hospital stay of 7.9 days.