Reações adversas associadas ao uso de antimicrobianos em pacientes neonatais

Abstract

The neonatal patient does not have fully developed functions, such as renal and immunological function. Such conditions, along with other factors, can promote the evolution of pathologies in newborns. Thus, the therapeutic choice must be careful, since the body of the newborn has a distinction when compared to an adult. This study aimed to review the scientific literature on the use of antimicrobials in neonatal patients regarding the adverse reactions promoted. Thus, a narrative review of the literature was conducted using the PUBMED search platform for a one-month period between August and September 2022 to identify studies on adverse reactions caused by antimicrobials. In one of the studies, antibiotics stood out as the second class that caused hospitalizations. In another, it describes two groups that were more prescribed and that caused more ADRs, and antibiotics was one of them. Among these, Ampicillin, linezolid, and meropenem were the most commonly associated with ADRs. Respiratory distress, vomiting, diarrhea, cultured rash, hepatic and metabolic changes are ADRs promoted by this therapeutic class, with higher occurrence. During the search and screening process, the scarcity of articles available for full reading was remarkable. Although the findings are current, the existing data gap makes it difficult to perform a concrete and fluid review.