Influência das células de Schwann na progressão do câncer de próstata

Abstract

The phenomenon of carcinogenesis is a complex process that occurs through multiple genetic events that alter the normal functions of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Studies have shown that Schwann cells participate in the tumor microenvironment, producing several factors that benefit cancer cells. During this process, Schwann cells are dedifferentiated and help the cancer cell. During this process, Schwann cells are dedifferentiated and help the cancer cell to proliferate. These cells then migrate to the region close to the tumor tissue and aid the development of the neoplastic cell. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of Schwann cells on prostate cancer. We performed a bioinformatics view and observed that the "neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction" was up-regulated in prostate cancer. The "p53 signaling pathway" is active, since CCNE1, CDKN2A and PERP are increased. Specific miRNAs inactivate the "axon guidance" pathway, targeting the ROBO2 and SLIT2 genes. Both genes are also associated with inhibition of Schwann cell migration. Furthermore, GFAP and GAP43 are overexpressed, leading to dedifferentiation of Schwann cells. Both Schwann and neoplastic cells are stimulated via a phosphorylation cascade to proliferate and migrate. The results demonstrate that dedifferentiation and proliferation of Schwann cells are induced by neoplastic tissue; consequently, Schwann cells produce different factors that will participate in various tumor progression processes. These processes may also be involved in tumor invasion of the perineural tissue in prostate cancer.