Estudo da viabilidade técnico-econômica de tecnologias de recuperação energética a partir dos resíduos sólidos urbanos de Maceió - AL

Abstract

Urban expansion and changes in consumption patterns evident in recent decades trigger a constant increase in the production of Urban Solid Waste, making their final disposal one of the biggest environmental concerns in the country. In the market, there are different technologies for the adequate final destination, among which those that allow the energy recovery of materials discarded by the population stand out. Therefore, the present work aimed to study two of these technologies that can be applied to the city of Maceio - AL. Therefore, after reviewing the literature, the potential for energy recovery of the biogas generated by the disposal of waste in a sanitary landfill and by their incineration was estimated and analyzed for the first 20 years of production, followed by a technical and economic evaluation. Thus, the energy potential resulting from the technologies analyzed proved to be sufficient to supply an average of 15,279 inhabitants annually, in the case of incineration, and 14,665, for the use of biogas. The economic feasibility study indicated the attractiveness of energy recovery only for the biogas scenario, in which a Net Present Value of around 66 million reais was obtained Internal Rate of Return of 23.4% and Payback Time for Discounted Capital less than 8 years. Thus, the advantages of the energy use of biogas stand out in relation to incineration; in all cases, however, before implementing a project of this nature, the specific investments and revenues of each technological route, as well as their environmental impacts, must be thoroughly evaluated.