Avaliação do potencial antitumoral de extratos bruto e frações de produtos naturais em linhagens de câncer de mama

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the 2nd leading cause of death in the world, behind only to cardiovascular disease. The biggest challenge in cancer therapy is resistance to chemotherapy and post-chemotherapy disease recurrence due to the emergence of tumor stem cells. In this context, the search for active compounds derived from natural products has been increasing, since many isolates have already given rise to several drugs used in allopathic medicine, such as Vinblastine, Vincristine and Paclitaxel. The aim of this research was to assess the antitumor potential of one extract from the plant Arrabidaea chica and four from the macroalgae Hypnea musciformis in breast tumor cell lines Ehrlich ascitic cancer (EAC) and 4T1. After screening the extracts using the MTT cell viability assay, the extracts that showed greater inhibition of cell viability allowed the calculation of inhibitory concentrations (IC50). Based on these values, the Tripan blue, micronucleus and reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays were carried out in order to deepen the study of tumor cell lines. The crude extract of Arrabidaea chica (EBAc) showed an effect on the viability of the EAC strain after 24 hours, while the crude dichloromethane extract of Hypnea musciformis (EBDHm) showed after 48 hours of treatment for the 4T1 strain. The chloroform fraction of the crude dichloromethane extract of Hypnea musciformis (FCHm) showed antitumor activity for both strains tested (EAC and 4T1), allowing calculation of inhibitory concentrations at 48 hours for EAC and 24 and 48 hours for 4T1. No induction of death was observed in the strains used in the Tripan blue assay, after treatment with the calculated inhibitory concentrations (IC50), in addition to the absence of cell micronucleus formation. For FCHm in the EAC strain, a decrease in cellular metabolism is suggested, with a decrease in the production of reactive oxygen species.