Associações independentes e agrupadas da atividade física e comportamento sedentário com o risco cardiovascular em adolescentes

Abstract

Physical activity is human behavior, part of a healthy lifestyle, which has been a public health priority. The World Health Organization recommends 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day for adolescents, additionally, it is recommended that sedentary behavior, such as time sitting and in front of screens, be reduced since both are being associated with cardiovascular risk. The objective was to analyze the association between physical activity, sedentary behavior and cardiovascular risk in adolescents, in independent and pooled analyses. This is a quantitative, observational, cross-sectional study. The evaluations were carried out at the Institute of Physical Education and Sports (IEFE) of the Federal University of Alagoas (UFAL). Adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17 who participated in the Project “Esporte sem Fronteiras” were invited to participate in the research. To assess physical activity and sedentary behavior, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-c) and the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) questions were used, respectively. Cardiovascular risk was defined by different variables, such as 1) high body fat, expressed in indicators assessed by anthropometry; 2) high systolic and diastolic blood pressure, measured by the automatic oscillometric method using air inflation and deflation; 3) low maximum oxygen consumption. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential statistics. Physical activity was inversely associated with inverse VO2max for males and females (r = -0.47; p = 0.0001 and r = -0.41; p = 0.0223, respectively) and cardiovascular risk grouped by gender male (r = -0.38; p = 0.0026) in the crude analyses. After adjusting for age and sitting time, the correlation between physical activity and inverse VO2max was maintained for males and females (respectively, r = -0.43; p= 0.0005 and r = -0.37; p = 0.0477) and with pooled cardiovascular risk only for males (r = - 0.36 p = 0.0055). A positive association was also found between sitting time and inverse VO2max in males (r = 0.31; p = 0.0136). These findings can contribute to the proposition of interventions and public policy actions focused on increasing physical activity and reducing the time spent in sedentary behavior, given that this can contribute to better cardiovascular health in adolescents.