Onde moram as domésticas que trabalham em Aracaju?: a dimensão interseccional e socioespacial do trabalho doméstico remunerado

Abstract

Paid domestic work in Brazil is permeated by social and historical issues, because of that, 97% of workers are female and most of them black and poor. Besides, in the Brazilian urban space, mainly in big cities, there is an evident fragmentation in terms of race and class, and this black and poor population is usually located in environmentally fragile areas and on the outskirts of the city, while the white population, and most often with higher purchasing power, lives in the central neighborhoods equipped with infrastructure. With that in mind, it is possible to assume that most domestic workers travel long distances between their homes and the homes of their employers, facing obstacles in urban mobility. However, this is just a part of the problems faced by these workers, what is lived in the intimate family inside the employer's house, is the main challenge to be experienced by these women. Because of, the aim of the work is to quantitatively map out where the housekeepers who work in Aracaju live, and qualitatively the violence and resistance they experience in their work. To address the broader issues applicable to the first point, data collection was carried out at Casa da Doméstica (Maid’s House) and at the Sindicato de Domésticas de Sergipe (Sergipe Maid Union) that made it possible to make a territorial analysis of where these domestics live and with data from the 2010 IBGE Demographic Census, it was also possible to analyze the socioeconomic data that these locations have. The methodology to achieve the second objective was to conduct interviews with six domestic workers, fundamental to give more basis to the theoretical information collected bibliographically, in addition to expanding and bringing up new issues, because of that his reports are distributed throughout the dissertation, going through different themes. In the face of, this dissertation begins by presenting the history of domestic work in our country, emphasizing the difference between white and black women, and how the domestic unions in Brazil and in Sergipe acted in the fight to gain their labor rights. Also addresses the formation of urban space showing how social inequality is established, mainly in Grande Aracaju, and as the capital represents a centrality to the state influencing the migration of women in search of domestic work. And finally, the study ends with a territorial analysis showing how the housing of these workers is found in poorer regions and more disarticulated from the urban grid, making it difficult to commute to work.