Leucemias agudas pediátricas: painel prognóstico e perfil epidemiológico em um hospital de Maceió, AL

Abstract

ALL and AML, neoplasms of the hematopoietic system, are hematological malignancies that affect the adult and pediatric public, with great impairment in the latter. Analyzing the mutations involved in the emergence of these cancers and knowing the epidemiological profile of children with leukemia allows for a greater understanding of drug resistance, complications arising from treatment, relapses and remissions, resulting in a better prognosis. Thus, the objective of this work was to create a prognostic panel and a sociodemographic profile of acute leukemias. This is a study in 3 stages (bioinformatics, literature review and observational analysis). Previously, a patent was constructed with the aim of identifying genes related to prognosis, with regard to survival and recurrence of AML. The S1PR4, PBX4, FAM171A1, RARRES2, HPGD, CD1C and PAM genes were identified in the group of pediatric patients for both disease severity and negative association with AML survival. Then, a literature review was carried out relating the aforementioned genes with various malignant neoplasms. As for the epidemiological and sociodemographic profile, the sample consisted of 27 patients, with a mean age of 7.93 years (standard deviation of ± 4.10 years), 15 of whom were male (55.55%). The average time between the first symptoms and the diagnosis was 46 days - the shortest and longest time being respectively: 7 and 180 days. As for the type of leukemia, 22 (81.5%) patients were diagnosed with ALL, with type B being more prevalent, affecting 20 (90.9%) children. Only 1 (3.7%) had CNS infiltration, according to medical records. Spinal cord relapse was confirmed in 4 (14.8%) patients, and 3 (75%) of these evolved to death. When analyzing the sample, 7 (25.9%) children died during the data collection period. It is concluded that the genes S1PR4, PBX4, FAM171A1, RARRES2, HPGD, CD1C and PAM are related to the prognosis of AML and some types of cancer. Type B ALL was the most prevalent cancer in the epidemiological profile, with males being more affected. Knowledge of gene expression makes it possible to present prognoses, resulting in possible improvements in therapeutic decision-making with regard to the treatment of pediatric leukemias.