Sujeitos dos feminismos em disputa: uma análise a partir da produção de teses e dissertações brasileiras

Abstract

The question about who are the subjects of feminisms is central to our understanding about what is to be a woman, in a society that (re)produce a series of norms in function of the social role that has historically been designated to them. Our comprehension leaves from theorizations of different authors of feminist field and of the political subject concepts and political identities concepts by Chantal Mouffe. In this conception the subjects are multiple, they are constituted by the positions of subjects, filled from partial fixations, so they do not constitute in a fullness. Now the political identities are constructed from the affirmation of an ‘us’ in opposition to one ‘them’, in a process of identification that deny the hegemonic discourse; so, those identities are precarious and contingents. From that, the aim of this work is to analyze, from an academically produced feminist discourse, which are the politic subjects have disputed this field in the last years. For this, we intend to identify which political identities are analyzed in the selected production, comprehend in which way the politic subjects are conceived in those productions, and to understand which feminisms notions are used in these researches. Thinking about this problem from the analysis of thesis and dissertations refers to the dedication under the scientific production in which we are included, based on a process of reflection. Therefore, we performed two searches in the ‘Portal of Theses and Dissertations’ of CAPES, in which we searched for productions that did explicit analysis about different dynamics of Brazilian feminist political movements and which discussed about tensioning or emergency of political identities. From a refinement process we reached the number of 24 productions, where 08 are theses and 16 are dissertations, which carry out their research from document analysis, interviews, ethnography, participant observation and cartography. Our concluded that the feminist movement has been construct as a plural space, where has the emergency of identities that search the establishment of their staves, as in the case of political 'lesbians' identity, while others had greater potency last in the last few years, as the identity 'young feminists'. That multiplicity also has been present in the mode as the constitution of subjects are understood and in the way as the feminism is constituted. Once that the subjects are constituted by subjectivation process and experience sharing, in an individual and collective process. The concepts of feminism correspond to a theoretical diversity under the prism of the construction of an egalitarian society project. With our analysis we understand that the maintenance of a feminist project committed with the possibility of diversity existence are sustained by a political democratic in the feminisms.