Evolução da outorga de água subterrânea no Estado de Alagoas: estudo de caso no município de Maceió

Abstract

Despite representing the main source of potable water supply in Maceió, the groundwater has been increasingly used due to an increasing demand and better exploration conditions. The uncontrolled use of these resources in the municipality, especially when it is strengthened by inefficient management and cases of illegality, is worrying. The institution of groundwater use rights provided for in the National Water Resources Policy, represents, therefore, a way to relieve this scenario. The advancement study of this instrument is extremely important in improving the management of groundwater resources, mainly due to lack of hydrogeological data and the inefficient inspection. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the groundwater use rights evolution in the city of Maceió. In order to do this, basic information of groundwater use rights, such as the geographic coordinates and the purposes of use, made available by the State Department of Environment and Water Resources of Alagoas, as well as the pertinent legal apparatus. From the analysis of these data, it was sought to relate the evolution of the use rights with the evolution of legal documents referring to groundwater between the years 2001 and 2021. The relationship between both is evidenced mainly in the years 2009, 2010 and 2016, highlighting the influence of the regulation of the National Basic Sanitation Law and the inspection of the grant in Alagoas, the implementation of Law 7.094/2009 and the implementation of the Normative Instruction SRH/ SEMARH 01/2016. It was observed, above all, that the Technical Cooperation Term SEMARH-CASAL/2016 was decisive for the increase in demand from users for other purposes of use, except for human supply, and for the drop in the number of granting concessions after the year 2016. The spatial distribution of groundwater use rights was more concentrated in neighborhoods with a predominance of residential complexes, industrial and commercial establishments, respectively. Finally, the analyzes showed the lack of need for new legal frameworks but signaled the lack of compliance with the measures established therein.