Uma análise discursiva sobre a representação de Lampião no Cangaço

Abstract

The cangaço was an armed social movement in the sertão (backlands) that occurred, for example, as a consequence of the poverty and social inequalities that predominated in the Northeastern scenario. Lampião was the great character of this movement, because he did not conform to the way the sertão was seen by the government and the large landowners. In this way, he sees in the cangaço a way to do justice in order to change the environment in which the sertanejo was inserted. In this sense, this study seeks to analyze the discourses constructed about Lampião and his representation in the cangaço, which entails different forms in the signification process. For this analysis we evoke the theoretical-methodological devices of Discourse Analysis, developed by Michel Pêcheux and Eni Orlandi, who recognize discourse as a theoretical object and study its political, ideological and socio-historical relations. Therefore, we focus on the theories of Orlandi (2006; 2015; 2017), Pêcheux (2014), Bezerra (2015), among others. In light of these contributions, we investigated the discourses built about Lampião and the cangaço by the social imaginary, as a way of questioning their social place, the context that the cangaceiros were inserted and the way they were played to their own fate. Thus, we seek to reflect on the representation of the figure of Lampião in the cangaço and to present how this cangacist movement cannot be analyzed through a perspective that enshrines the history of the cangaço as being unique and true. Furthermore, the notions of outlow, villain and/or hero, Robin Hood of sertão are sayings created by the social imaginary to erase and silence the real cangaceiro that was Virgulino Ferreira da Silva.