Exposição humana aos toxicantes, estresse oxidativo e as possibilidades de destoxificação endógenas e exógenas : uma revisão narrativa

Abstract

Introduction: Due to the most diverse advances in technology and modernity, human exposure to toxicants has been increasingly expressive, resulting in several diseases, comorbidities and toxicity associated. Depending on the potentially harmful substance, the symptoms related to intoxication can vary, but the vast majority of these toxic agents have one thing in common, which is the generation of free radicals or reactive species. When we talk about the metabolization performed to eliminate these agents, we are referring to detoxification. Methods: The present work of conclusion of course is a narrative review, aiming to address the main toxins that humanity is exposed to, as well as to demonstrate and demystify the detoxification system, from the internal process and even the use of exogenous agents. Results and Discussion: Due to the great reactive potential of free radicals and formed ROS, they can generate oxidative damage, through redox reactions. These highly reactive molecules can interact with proteins, lipids, DNA and the plasma membrane of cells; thus, causing loss of cell structure or biological function. The human detoxification system is somewhat complex, which includes several enzymes, these are involved in phase 1 and 2 reactions, essential for the elimination of xenobiotics. Healthy eating plays a major role in the process of eliminating xenobiotics that are potentially harmful to health. Conclusion: The contamination of the environment, unfortunately, is still a major obstacle at the crossroads of the path, as it has always been and continues to be the greatest source of exposure to the main toxic agents known. However, the ingestion of colored foods, rich in polyphenols especially, are of great value in helping to eliminate xenobiotics, because due to their high antioxidant capacity, they will help detoxifying enzymes in this neutralization and in combating oxidative stress.