A indústria brasileira de máquinas e equipamentos no período recente: uma análise com base na GVC approach

Abstract

The present work carries out an exploratory analysis of the Brazilian machinery and equipment sector (ME), using the GVC approach as a theoretical and methodological framework, with the objective of identifying the main physical, productive and marketing characteristics of the sector and the role of Brazil in the recent period. This objective involves four parts expressed in the results: 1) understanding the operation of the inputoutput structure of the machinery and equipment sector; 2) geographic contextualization of the sector, covering both the global characterization of the ME sector, its main characteristics and the biggest market players, as well as a national analysis of the ME industry and its main attributes and developments; 3) identification of the sector's governance characteristics; and, 4) institutional contextualization of the segment, highlighting its main organizations behind the companies in this sector and their performance characteristics. We found that the machinery and equipment sector can be divided into seven stages called input-output structure. They are: Market Intelligence, Application Engineering, Inputs, Transformation, Sales and Distribution, Services (aftersales) and remanufacturing. Each step mentioned above forms value-added to the final product and, after the sector was included in the GVCs, they began to spread across different regions of the world. It was concluded that Brazil is included in the GVC of ME and has expanded its participation between 2005 and 2018, however, it has deficiencies throughout its chain regarding a high technological lag in its production processes and a high operating cost that prevents the entry of foreign investment in the sector and low qualification of its employees. Therefore, fiscal and technological policies that validate the sector are essential for the consolidation of economic upgrading and consolidation of the country as a potential player for the future.