Síntese dos feromônios das duas principais pragas do cajueiro: anacampsis phytomiella e anthistarcha binocularis

Abstract

The cashew tree is native to north-eastern Brazil. It is very well adapted to the climate of the region and is one of the primary sources of employment for some during the driest time of the year. In cashew-growing regions, the primary pests that damage crops include the nut borer Anacampsis phytomiella and the stem borer Anthistarcha binocularis. Currently, growers use only insecticides to control these species, mediated by frequent indiscriminate spraying. A promising strategy to control and monitor these species is the use of sexual pheromones; these measures are associated with integrated pest management, which consists of green strategies that seek to reduce the use of agrochemicals, keeping pest levels below those that cause economic damage. Thus, the objective of this work was to obtain 9-decenyl acetate, (Z) 7- decenyl acetate, (E) 7-decenyl acetate, (Z) 7,9-decadienyl acetate, and (E) 7,9-decadienyl acetate, all of which are pheromone components identified from A. phytomiella, and (Z) 6- dodecenol, (E) 6-dodecenol, (Z) 6-dodecenyl acetate, and (E) 6-dodecenyl acetate, pheromone components identified from A. binocularis. The proposed routes for obtaining the molecules were partially completed, where for A. phytomiella, 9-decenyl acetate was obtained with 94% yield. For A. binocularis, (Z) 6-dodecenol and (Z) 6-dodecenyl acetate were obtained, with overall yields of 27% and 24%, respectively. These pathways proved to be efficient, presenting satisfactory yields in the stages carried out to date. The characteristics of obtained structures were obtained using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer, nuclear magnetic resonance, and infrared spectroscopy using Fourier transforms.