Mapeamento de unidades de paisagem no assentamento Nova Esperança, em Olho D'Água do Casado-AL: correlações entre os aspectos naturais e a ocorrência de sítios arqueológicos na área

Abstract

Landscape analysis based on geosystemic mapping is a valuable methodological tool for differentiating environments. This differentiation consists of associations and disparities between structures and patterns of functioning present in the landscape. In addition to contributions to environmental surveys, the systematization of this knowledge can bring to light information about environmental conditions in past human occupation scenarios. Within this perspective, the present work has as main objective to verify if the environmental characterization through the cartography of landscapes could help in the understanding of the relations of the populations of the past with the environment in which they lived, serving as another tool for geoarchaeological analyzes. For this purpose, an area was chosen in the Nova Esperança settlement, located in Olho D’água do Casado-AL, where plots were delimited within two sectors in the study area, and tables were filled out by means of expedited reconnaissance, of the plots. Subsequently, drone flights were carried out from the aforementioned sectors, which were used in the stages of offices for the construction of summary maps of the areas. Prospecting by the study area resulted in the characterization of a total of 20 plots, facies, with dimensions of 10x10m, subdivided into two sectors: the first to the west, closest to the Nova Esperança settlement and where there was a greater presence of rock art and engravings. It was found that although the region is under the influence of the same climatic context, phytophysiognomy has changed due to the relief and slope. The arrangement of the archacological records found also demonstrated that there is a relationship between their spatial distribution and some of the parameters identified in the geosystemic mapping.