Análise econômico-financeira no setor varejista: um estudo sobre as empresas Carrefour e GPA Alimentar no período 2014-2018

Abstract

The objective of this work is to evaluate the patrimonial situation of two companies listed at BM&F BOVESPA S. A (the São Paulo exchange stock), both in the retail segment and considered as market leaders, concentrating most of the sales made – according to a ranking of Brazilian Society of Retail and Consumption (SBVC) of 2018. Through the financial statements of these companies, collected on the CVM (the brazilian securities comission) website, some of the main accounting indicators were calculated and, also, the horizontal and vertical analysis of the balances. The data obtained were interpreted and compared, generating an analysis of the economic and financial situation of the respective companies. The research criteria and the indicators used were established by consulting the bibliographies of reputable authors on the subject, which were then applied in the form of analysis on the consolidated financial statements comprised in period 2014 to 2018 of two competing companies operating in the retail market: Carrefour (Atacadão S.A.) and GPA Alimentary (food segment of Pão de Açúcar group). The accounting indicators obtained provided information representative of their respective performances. Then, analyses were carried out considering the comparison between the researched companies, as well as the evolution of this performance over the studied period. Among the main results obtained, it was verified that the companies presented important variations in their indicators of indebtedness, liquidity and profitability, the latter being the one that presented more significant differences during the measurement of results. Economic and financial indicators are tools already widely studied, tested and reliable as an instrument for analyzing the economic and financial performance of companies and business management, thus enabling the realization of good comparative between competing companies of the same segment. This is fundamental for the decision making of the various users of this information, especially for investors.