A Assistência Estudantil enquanto Direito, nos Governos Lula e Dilma no Brasil

Abstract

This study has as its theme Student Assistance, under the Lula and Dilma governments, as a right in Brazil. The main objective of the research was to analyze the format of student assistance in Federal Institutions of Higher Education (IFES) in the context of neoliberalism, culminating in the university counter-reform process. As specific objectives, we sought to characterize the IFES student assistance policy under the aforementioned governments, identifying the main demands and challenges posed to it as a right, in addition to analyzing the importance of the performance of the National Forum of Pro-Rectors of Affairs Community and Student Affairs (FONAPRACE) for its effectiveness. In the course of construction of the study, authors were highlighted who best exposed the concepts focused on the effectiveness of the policy, as well as the bases that constitute it, namely: Elaine Behring (2000); Marilena Chauí (1999); Rodrigo Castelo (2011, 2012); Kátia Lima (2005, 2007); Reinaldo Gonçalves (2012); Josimeire Leite (2003, 2015); Clara Nascimento (2013); Aline Kowalski (2012) and José Constantino (2015). These authors allowed us to absorb topics such as social policy, neoliberalism, neodevelopment, higher education and student assistance. Based on a theoretical-critical framework, qualitative research, with the support of quantitative data, used bibliographic and documentary research methods. With a descriptive objective, from the analysis of institutional documents, legislation, reports, tables, theses, dissertations and scientific articles, it was possible to conclude how it is formatted and what interest the student assistance serves in the context of counter-reform. The results highlight that the National Student Assistance Plan (PNAES) is linked to education policy, being built within the interests of bourgeois hegemony. The contradictory character of the PNAES was identified, which assumes the democratization discourse in the IFES, defending the assistance to students, but favors the counter-reform productivist proposals by making it focused, compensatory and assistentialist. There was also evidence of the demands of IFES undergraduate students, dispelling myths that hindered the regulation of the PNAES. Finally, difficulties were found in financing assistance to university students.