As mulheres na formação do PCB: uma abordagem interseccional (1922-1935)

Abstract

The research presented here aims to analyze the formation of the Communist Party of Brazil (PCB) using intersectionality as its theoretical-methodological referential. The research trajectory was developed from the forms of resistance and struggle for rights led by women's movements throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries, when women begin to overcome the social, political and legal barriers imposed by sexual differentiation. It intends to demonstrate, through the analysis of the official sources of the PCB and its periodical A Classe Operaria, as well as mobilizing the specialized bibliography, how women of different social and racial origins were inserted in a male space and how the party, through its directorship became involved with militant women. The choice of cut (1922-1935) is justified because 1922 was the year of the PCB's foundation and the same year of affiliation of the first woman, Rosa Bittencout, and 1935 year of the famous and frustrated "communist uprising" that tattered PCB and triggered an intense repression on the communists and democratic and progressive sectors. Nineteen thirty five was also the year of the foundation of the União Feminina do Brasil (UFB), a movement born from the mobilization of women linked to the Aliança Nacional Libertadora (ANL) and that represents one of the first experiences of social organization linked to the PCB and aimed at women. The proposed approach here refers to the deate on intersectionality, introduced by the American feminist Kimberlé Crenshaw in 1989, to name the researches that had long been carried out by researchers such Angela Dabis and Bell Hooks, to demonstrate how gender, race and class intertwine to create multiple levels of social injustice and, at the same time, forms of resistance and changes.