Ácaros fitófagos da superfamília eriophyoidea - taxonomia integrativa para ácaros do gênero abacarus keifer, 1944 associados à cana-de-açúcar no Brasil e América Central e descrição de novos táxons associados a plantas nativas no nordeste do Brasil

Abstract

The mites of the Eriophyoidea superfamily, commonly known as micromites, are considered the second group of economic importance as pest mites worldwide. The present work had as goal to apply the integrative taxonomy for mites of the genus Abacarus Keifer, 1944 (Eriophyidae) associated with sugarcane, Saccharum sp., from Brazil and Central America; to describe new taxa of eriophyoid mites associated with Cupania oblongifolia Mart. and Cupania impressinervia Acev (Sapindaceae); and Lippia alba (Mill.) N. E. Brown (Verbenaceae). The work was carried out at the Plant Quarantine Laboratory of Embrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology - Brasília, DF and at the State University of Saint Petersburg, Russia. For the taxonomic study of the mites of the genus Abacarus were obtained morphological, morphometric and molecular data from eight populations from Alagoas, Pernambuco and São Paulo, Brazil and Sonsonate, El Salvador. In addition to the populations obtained for integrative taxonomy studies, field surveys were carried out in the Northeast, North and Southeast regions of Brazil for the knowledge of species associated with sugarcane, totaling 30 populations. The morphometric data were submitted to the univariate and multivariate analysis. For the analysis of molecular phylogeny DNA sequences were obtained from one mitochondrial marker (mtDNA) COI (cytochrome c oxidase I) and two nuclear (rDNA) - subunit D2 (28S r-RNA) and ITS (Internal Transcriber Spacers). Three methods of phylogenetic analysis were used for maximum likelihood (ML), Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Bayesian inference (BI); In addition, Bayesian Combined Analysis was performed for the three fragments (supermatrix). For the descriptions of the new species the specimens were studied using a phase contrast and differential interference microscope (DIC) (Nikon Eclipse® 80i or Leica® DM4000 B). For the mites associated with ”erva-cidreira”, a confocal laser mycroscope (Leica TCS SP2) was also used. The results of the morphological and molecular methods of the mites of the genus Abacarus were congruent and supported the occurrence of a new species in Brazil. Approximately 55% of the total morphometric variability was explained by the first two principal components (CP). The results of the phylogenetic analyzes showed that the species of Abacarus associated with sugarcane constitute a monophyletic group. These were grouped into three main clades for the three markers, the two clades corresponding to the populations of A. sacchari and Abacarus aff. sacchari (Brazil), with variability of 19.7% (COI), 2.2% (D2) and 4.0% (ITS). Since the clado that represents A. doctus (El Salvador) was closer to A. aff. sacchari with a variability of (22.5% - COI), (14.4% - D2) and (17.8% - ITS). Twelve new taxa of Eriophyoidea were described. In C. oblongifolia a new genus and a new species of Nothopodinae: Colopodacini and a new genus and two new species of Cecidophyinae: Colomerini (Eriophyidae) were described. In C. impressinervia, a new genus and a new species of Nothopodinae: Colopodacini, a new species of Phyllocoptinae: Tegonotini (Eriophyidae), and a new species of Diptilomiopinae (Diptilomiopidae) have been described. In L. alba a new species of Phyllocoptinae: Anthocoptini, a new species of Eriophyinae: Aceriini (Eriophyidae) and a new species of Diptilomiopinae (Diptilomiopidae) have been described.