Os livros didáticos de sociologia e o discurso de desnaturalização das explicações sobre a realidade social

Abstract

This research sought to investigate the contributions and limits of Sociology textbooks for the denaturalization of explanations about social reality. To this end were taken as discursive materiality the six textbooks approved and recommended by the 2015 National Textbook Program (PNLD). The analysis of the textbooks sought to identify whether they apply the principle of denaturalization to the most varied themes or whether there are issues whose approach does not take into account the radical historicity of the world of men. The study took place from the Discourse Analysis filiated at Michel Pecheux in close articulation with the historical-dialectical materialism, standing out as main authors, in the field of AD: Pêcheux, Orlandi and Cavalcante; in the sphere of Marxism: Marx, Engels, Lukács, Leontiev, Mészáros, Paulo Netto, Lessa and Tonet; about school knowledge: Saviani and Chevallard; about the textbook: Bittencourt, Choppin, Meucci and Munakata; and on the PNLD: Cassiano and Filgueiras. As a result, it is demonstrated that the denaturalization exercise in the analyzed textbooks follows ways that are not always well defined, with discourses that oscillate between different and even contradictory ideological and discursive formations. In this movement, the treatment of some social phenomena sometimes disregards the inseparability of the denaturalizing tripod: explanation of its fundamentals, approach to its socio-historical configurations and exploration of its different possibilities and alternatives. Finally, it is concluded that, although denaturalization does not appear with the same radicalism in the approach of all the themes, the textbooks of Sociology present more contributions than limits in dealing with the didacticization of theoretical and scientific knowledge of Social Sciences.