Uma leitura sociointeracionista do gênero de texto piada na oralidade

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the study of humor, due to its dissemination in all fields of human life, becoming an instrument of denounce, a possibility of revealing prejudices and taboos which are hidden by society, an effective form of demystifying realities. Being a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, humor is an interdisciplinary object of study and can be studied by anthropologists, psychologists, psychoanalysts, sociologists, historians and linguists. In this sense, this research has chosen the genre joke as an investigation object in a linguistic perspective with the general objective of describing this genre and specifically to analyze its interactional functioning and its textual organization in the oral language. To do this, the author used theoretical and methodological assumptions of the sociodiscursive interactionism, here represented by Bronckart’s work (2003), in the definition and analysis of the genre joke by the means of material parameters of language actions, of textual infrastructure and the textualization mechanisms. The author also elaborated a study of the categories of conversational turn, adjacency pair, conversational topic among other categories of Conversation Analysis represented by Marcuschi’s work (1986, 1989) and other authors such as Galembeck (1997), Fávero et al (1999). She also analyzed the relations between the conversational markers and the interjection, a frequent linguistic resource which is not sufficiently studied, but has a decisive interactional function in the composition of the joke. This study of the joke in the orality adopted a qualitative methodology because this is the adequate form one has to understand the nature of such a linguistic phenomenon, which is also social. The corpus of this work is constituted by a tape recording with one hour and twenty minutes, that was divided into two communicative events. The first event had 60 minutes recording and contains three informants’ narratives. The second event has 20 minute recording and contains jokes told by a group of post-graduation students. In the light of the theory, the analyses revealed that the joke, as a textual genre, is composed by a discourse type known as interactive report and has the narrative sequences as its textual structure; the nominal cohesion mechanisms showed that the anaphoric system can be responsible for the climax and the hilariant resolution of the narrative; the verbal cohesion mechanisms present the contrast in the verbal processes; and the enunciative mechanisms were little expressive in the jokes of the corpus analyzed.