Ocorrência de Salmonella sp. em bezerros e perfil de resistência a antimicrobianos no Sertão Alagoano

Abstract

In bovine farming, the mortality of calves causes great economic losses. Due to the greater immunological vulnerability, numerous conditions can interfere in the productive chain of bovines during the initial period, being able to compromise the development and productivity of these animals as adults. Diarrhea in calves is one of the main causes of these economic losses in the cattle production chain that frequently occurs due to infection with Salmonella sp., With Salmonellosis being a disease with a high mortality rate, a fall in production and a high cost with the treatment of animals sick Neonates of the species are more amenable to the septicemic form of salmonellosis, while calves over the age of four weeks and adult animals are generally more affected by the acute and chronic form of the disease. The oral cavity is the most important route of infection by ingestion of contaminated food and water. Because of the wide variety of diseases with similar clinics, only the clinical diagnosis for salmonellosis is not possible. The reference method for the definitive diagnosis of salmonellosis is microbiological isolation from fecal samples, but the microbiological isolation is meticulous and still requires time. Aiming at this hindrance, some confirmatory methods for the detection of Salmonella sp. have been developed and used, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with the use of specific primers for molecular diagnosis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); however, studies indicate that microbiological isolation is more efficient than PCR in the diagnosis of salmonellosis from samples of calf feces. The main measure of treatment of diarrhea in calves is antibiotic therapy associated with non-steroidal electrolyte and anti-inflammatory solutions, but the use of antimicrobial drugs indiscriminately in both animals and man, results in an increase in antimicrobial resistance in the microorganisms of its normal microbiota and disease-causing pathogenic bacteria, and currently the development of resistance by some pathogenic bacteria is faster than the industry's ability to produce new drugs. Taking into account the occurrence of salmonellosis in cattle and especially in calves, studies that allow the epidemiological monitoring of this disease in this species and the adoption of more effective prevention and treatment measures for control are increasingly important