A construção de uma discursividade feminista : a revista Renovação na década de 1930

Abstract

The work The construction of a feminist discoursivity: the magazine Renovação in the 1930 decade analyses the female speeches of a periodical of Sergipe, directed by a lawyer, Ritta Maria de Andrade, during the third decade of twentieth century. It investigates how the feminine discoursivity construction happened, in an epoch when women of middle and high classes aggregated themselves and fought for rights, which were denied to them. This study is based on Analysis of Discourse (AD), of French trend, especially Pêcheux, despite the contributions of other European authors, especially Lukács and Bakthin, and Brazilians dedicated to AD. The delimitation of the production conditions of women s discourse, in Sergipe, implied the knowledge of the historical and social juncture since colonial times until 1930, when the magazine Renovação appears. Recourse was, therefore, the history of Sergipe, with emphasis on the social memory recorded in written documents and in oral tradition. This allowed the observation of a patriarchal society, extremely authoritarian and oppressive, besides the perception of the reason for the women s silence and the inter-discourses about them, which defined their roles and social space, based on common sense, on legal and scientific considerations, on religion and politics. A magazine directed by women, in 1930 decade, is an important discoursive event, because it broke models of the epoch, showing a new feminine figure: the illustrated woman, intellectual, that suggests new ways and that claims rights which were denied to them. Although the feminine texts show unity and homogeneity, it is perceptible the presence of discourses-others, that cross them. This confirms the discoursive heterogeneity, which is characterized by the pre-built elements or transverse discourses, the employment of artifices (using irony, denial), which denote conscience levels, and by appropriation of others discourse, with the aim to give support to peculiar positions, to confirm or to refute alien positions. The action of the unconscious also confirms itself in the flawed acts or failures that arise in the significant chain, especially when they contradict or reproduce the patriarchal FD. The feminine discourse, due to the absence of identification with the dominant FD, restores and adapts itself to other places of the say, passing by a process of disarrangement-rearrangement of the subject-form of the discourse. Indeed, the feminine identity is constantly affected by the tension between continuity and discontinuity, passing, consequently, by changes that are reflected in its discursive practice.