A Petrobras e a indústria do petróleo no Brasil e em Alagoas

Abstract

Petroleum industry in Brazil, the aim of this dissertation, was formed through state action with the creation of National Petroleum Council and later in 1953 of state-owned Petróleo Brasileiro SA, which was responsible for exercising a monopoly over exploration activities, transportation and petroleum refining. Our study is based on the bibliographical research and statistical data that portrays the period of formation of this economy, observing the trends of long cycles and endogenous cycles on the development of Brazilian industrialization. The petroleum activity began even in the Imperial Period, but only after 1930, when Brazilian government began to intervene intensively in the economy in search of guaranteeing internal supply of energy sources. It is point out that the State was the main agent of industrial development, and Petrobras was inserted in this process contributing to the growth of the base industry through its 'local purchases', for the supply of equipment, parts and services, especially frIn Alagoas, Petrobras was responsible for finding oil and gas during the beginning of its activities, but that was in the background after more discoveries in other states. Currently, national oil production has been growing rapidly after the discovery of the pre-salt (2006), while Alagoas production has reached its peak and has been declining since 2006 due to the low intensity of perforations carried out by Petrobras and, more recently (2015) , was aggravated by their respective investment cuts in land fields, predominant in Alagoas.om the decade when federal government's efforts focused on formation of a modern grass-roots industry anchored in the growth of mineral and energy production as oil had become strategic to the Nation's greatest interests. In the 1980s and 1990s, Brazil's oil and gas sector underwent profound transformations brought about by the end of state monopoly in 1997, which was a result of US foreign policy in which it sought new markets and the recomposition of its oil reserves, after their oil companies were ruined by the wave of nationalizations that occurred in the previous decades. But between 2003 and 2012, Brazilian oil industry experienced a new period of expansion promoted by strong state intervention, which sought to recompose its share holding control over Petrobras, and increase its participation in the domestic market, by imposing broader local purchasing rules and the expansion of state refineries to supply the domestic market with derivatives. In Alagoas, Petrobras was responsible for finding oil and gas during the beginning of its activities, but that was in the background after more discoveries in other states. Currently, national oil production has been growing rapidly after the discovery of the pre-salt (2006), while Alagoas production has reached its peak and has been declining since 2006 due to the low intensity of perforations carried out by Petrobras and, more recently (2015), was aggravated by their respective investment cuts in land fields, predominant in Alagoas.