Desenvolvimento de kit e protocolo alternativos para coleta e extração de DNA de amostras forenses e restos mortais degradados

Abstract

The robustness of the DNA molecule, coupled with the fact that it contains digital information, makes it ideal as a source of identification which resists weather and environmental aggressions imposed on samples found in crime scenes, but these same factors make these samples exhibiting low DNA concentration and with degradation in your chemical structure. The recovery of remaining genetic material of human skeletons is essential part human forensic identification, because the genetic identification by DNA is a method that outperforms all other existing methods, including the identification fingerprints and dental records identification. In order to succeed in obtaining DNA from bone samples degraded and produce an eletropherogram with the minimum amount of recommended by the scientific community forensic markers, it is imperative that the most modern techniques of extraction and DNA purification. Among these techniques, we have the bone and tooth demineralization pulverizated in specific Mills, followed by traditional organic extraction, in that you don't get the total cell lysis, which often generates the electrophoretic profiles. Considering that in forensics, is the imminent need for obtaining DNA from bones and teeth by using simple and effective protocols, this work is intended to improve the descaling method of these biological materials in order to achieve a High quality DNA samples from ancient bones, in the first attempts of extraction, generating eletropherograms with the detection of alleles in all markers recommended by forensic community. In this sense, our alternative extraction protocol proved to be efficient, because it allowed the isolation of high quality DNA from the bone of 17 years of buried and 3 years of teeth buried in order to present a complete genetic profiles with PowerPlex Fusion 6C and PowerPlex Fusion, both from company Promega Corporation and with the GlobalFiler ® system of company Life Technologies. In relation to the touch DNA, when a crime is committed, the author can deposit some skin cells into objects present at the crime scene. If the object is touched is collected, possible evidence existing there can be identified by DNA analysis, enabling the criminal to the crime scene. For the collection of touch DNA from crime scenes or in forensic DNA testing laboratories, some conventional techniques are used, but these have been shown to often inefficient, because this type of biological sample presents scarce number of cells and consequent low amount of DNA that is usually left in brackets when the day of collection. Another problem checked is contamination by biological samples of other people, for these reasons, to obtain good results of DNA, are necessary suitable collection and storage of these materials, as well as the subsequent use of an optimal extraction technique to recover the largest possible DNA copy numbers. On the exposed, we register the Patent No. 10 2018 071232 2 BR, which main purpose is the production of a kit containing collectors and extracting solution for DNA, present in human biological samples collected at crime scenes in different media with binding criminal forensic biological purpose.