Transformações nas dinâmicas espaciais no estado de Alagoas com a inserção da eucaliptocultura na mesorregião geográfica do leste alagoano

Abstract

The present work aims to analyze the eucalyptus cultivation in the municipalities of the East Geographic Meso-region of the state of Alagoas in a model of parallel planting with the sugar cane secular cultivation. Thus, the distribution and spatial occupation occurring in the Wood Zone in the Alagoas part, the northeastern sub-region predominant in the study area, and its economic, environmental and social impacts caused by these changes in its territory and region were investigated. For the development of the research, historical and economic bibliographical data of the modifications from the planting were used and a database was created. For the modeling of the environmental impacts, a matrix was used, which integrated the risks with the phases of implantation, operation and use of the planting, associated with environmental and socioeconomic factors. It was verified that the eucalyptus cultivation already has a 33.66% share of presence in the municipal scale, that is, it is found in the 33 municipalities, occupying an area of 10956.2 ha. Eucalyptus cultivation has been occupying areas of slopes prone to the regeneration of the Atlantic Forest present in Alagoas, which can lead to erosion, sedimentation, reduction of runoff, reduction of water level, loss of habitat, among others. These factors can change rivers in a qualitative and quantitative way, by the contribution of sediments and the areas near the rivers are Areas of Permanent Protection -APPs, special environments already protected by laws. With the analysis of the results of the modeling of environmental impacts, it is observed that the impact of this planting does not have a positive or neutral change for the environment in general, even when already occurring in an anthropized area, with sugarcane. The percentage of negative impact caused by eucalyptus plantations in Alagoas is 60%. Mitigating measures can be taken to carry out planning, zoning and public policies for regional development by public and private companies. The results showed the socioeconomic importance of the East Meso-region for Alagoas. And that, the interest of eucaliptocultura follows the same line of other agricultural interests of the state: the search for the environment conducive to high productivity. It was possible to perceive that the interrelationship of the physical, biological and anthropic or socioeconomic resources and of the Atlantic Forest biome with the stages and actions of the eucalyptus culture does not constitute a structural, socioeconomic and environmental change directed to public and common interests in the East Meso-region of Alagoas. That is, this scenario may become the reproduction of the socioeconomic picture generated by sugarcane.