Os escritos educacionais de João Craveiro Costa e a escola nova em Alagoas nas décadas de 1920 a 1930: interrelação entre ideias e práticas

Abstract

The objective of our research was to analyze the educational writings of João Craveiro Costa (1874-1934) his practice as school director, and the ideals of the New School in Alagoas in 1920s and 1930s. The study clipped this period, the production of the author on education and the national context of renovation of school methods in the debate between traditional school and New School. As a reference for the development of the study, we used the work of Craveiro Costa: "Public Education and Cultural Institutions Alagoas" (1931). In addition to the writings of the author, consult reports to the Board of Education, Laws and Decrees published in local journals as the "Journal of Education" that circled (1927-1931), "The News" (1930-1931) and "Journal Alagoas "(1930-1934). The research material is in the collection of the Historical and Geographical Institute of Alagoas and Masonic Virtue and Goodness. The central questions that guided the research were the educational writings of Craveiro Costa produced in the 1920s and 1930s and the impact of the ideals of the New School in Alagoas. The theoretical and methodological basis for the written work and analysis of research material, we turn to the Annales school which enables the historian to use means to interpret the silence of official sources of such journals surveyed. The query was made to files in search of traces that allow us to reconstruct the story from the point of view through the work of Marc Bloch "Apology of history or the work of the historian" (2001), which calls attention to the problematic sources . To historically contextualize the period used Vidal (2011) and Veiga (2007). The principles of the New School: Dewey (1959, 2011), Azevedo (1958, 1976), Lourenço Filho (2002) and Teixeira (1994). Alagoas in the 1920s and 1930s Verçosa (2006) and Tenorio (2009). To analyze the place of production of Costa used Certeau (1982). Craveiro Costa was a critic of pedantic education. According to their thinking Alagoas education returned to the training of the children of the political and economic elite so they could exercise the "send". Education did not meet the aspirations of the less privileged classes as children of the cane cutters, the cook, Cartwright, the fisherman, the craftsman, the peasant, the soldier police, finally, the poor people Alagoas. As an advocate of a free and democratic public school, able to wake up early in the child's love for the work; Costa believes the school was necessary to break with the purely instructional character materialized on memorizing empty contents and no relation to reality, and form the individual to the practical functions of modern life.