Conversão catalítica de frutose e glicose em presença de catalisadores de Sn(IV)

Abstract

Currently, the oil of easy exploration has become increasingly scarce, and it may promote an increase in the prices of its derivatives and/or a possible shortage of raw materials, chemical products of great importance for the chemical industry. In addition, the reduction of dependence on non-renewable resources, such as the ones on petroleum-based, are firmly linked in the yearning of contemporary society, being the concept of "green" chemistry closely associated with the search for products and/or chemical processes that are linked to the use of clean technologies and sustainable development. Thus, many efforts have been employed in the search for new sources as chemical raw materials and energy through sources like carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass. In this context, the aim of this study was to implement and evaluate catalytic systems Sn base (IV) (dibutyltin dilaurate (IV) (DBTDL), Butylstannoic acid (BTA), di-n-butyl-oxo-stannane (DBTO) and tin oxide (SnO2)), in the conversion of carbohydrates such as fructose and glucose and chemical products with high added value (5-hidroximetilfurfal and lactic acid, for example), as compared to conventional systems without using catalyst reactions with the catalyst and sulfuric acid. The activity in terms of conversion, yield and selectivity of these catalytic complexes were evaluated in reactions performed at temperatures of 150 to 190 ° C, in water, at various reaction times. At 150 ° C, the use of catalysts led to low yields and conversions, however, the 190 ° C catalysts BTA, DBTO and DBTDL performed well in the fructose degradation reactions, with complete conversion within 30 min of reaction. The three systems were selective principally to lactic acid: BTA showed lower selectivity (33%) whereas the selectivity to DBTO and DBTDL catalyst was 55% at 30 min. The DBTO was also evaluated at times of 5, 10 and 15 min. The conversion was greater than 90% at 5 and 10 min, and the total in 15 min, with selectivity to lactic acid of 58% already at 15 min. For glucose degradation reactions, the metal complex DBTO was also active in isomerizing glucose to fructose and convert it into products such as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and lactic acid, but with lower yields when compared with the results obtained with fructose.