Estudo químico e morfológico da broca-da-coroa-foliar eupalamides cyparissias (Fabricius, 1776) (Lepidoptera: castniidae) de arecáceas

Abstract

The Castniidae family is a group of Pantropical insects with about 150 species widely distributed mainly in the Malay Peninsula, Australia, South America and Central America. The caterpillars of species in this family are borer of cultures of the families Arecaceae, Bromeliaceae, Musaceae, Heliconiaceae, Orchidaceae and Poaceae. Among the species of pests Castniidae family is the borer crown leaf Eupalamides cyparissias Fab. (Lepidoptera: Castniidae), a major pest of palm trees in the Amazon region of Brazil, Ecuador, Colombia, Peru, Venezuela and Northern Panama. The damages are associated with Cocos nucifera L. (Arecales: Arecaceae) (coconut plants) and Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (Arecales: Arecaceae) (oil palm), major crops of economic importance to the state of Pará. This study aimed to observe the E. cyparissias behavior, identify glandular cells in the female ovipositors, distinguish the types of sensilla in the antennae of males and females and investigate the presence of sex pheromones in both sexes. Behavioral observations were carried out in laboratory and palm oil crops in the municipality of Moju, Pará. Histological sections of ovipositors were analyzed in light microscope (Olympus BX41). The antennas were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) using a Shimadzu, Model SSX-550 Superscan. For preparation of extracts of front and rear wings of male and female, ovipositor and male sexual organ, adults with 24 and 48 hours of age were used. For each pair of wings 300 uL of hexane (distilled HPLC grade) was used and each male sexual organ or female ovipositor 100 uL was used the same solvent, for 20 minutes, then the supernatant was transferred to a 2 ml vial. Evaluation of the bioactivity of the extracts was performed on GC-EAD and the separation and identification of compounds by GC and GC-MS. Field observations confirm that enabled moths in palm plantations in Pará are quite active in crepuscular time between 6:00 and 7:30 am and between 18:30 and 19:30 pm. Characteristic behaviors courtship as exposure of the ovipositor, clásperes exposure, ovipositor exposure and beating of wings, walk flapping, abdominal movements, guided walk to the opposite sex, antennation and contact have been observed. Histological analysis identified glandular cells located near the cuticle on the dorsal proximal region of the ovipositor. In the antennae of male and female five types of sensilla were observed: trichodea, chaetica, squamiformia, coeloconica, and auricillica. Characteristic behaviors observed and morphological structures allow us to infer chemicals mediating the communication between these insects. The specific compounds males were identified 7,11-hexadecadienal, 7,11-hexadecadien-1-ol, espringene, geranyl linalool and geranyl geraniol. Female specific compounds were identified α-coapaene, trans-caryophyllene, 1-hexadecanol, 9-Hexadecenoic acid, octadecyl ester and Hexadecanoic acid, octadecyl ester. GC-EAD analysis revealed female antenna activity for geranyl geraniol compounds, nonacosane and β-sitosterol present in the extracts of the rear wing of males.