Avaliação da atividade cardiovascular do extrato seco de própolis vermelha em ratos espontaneamente hipertensos

Abstract

Arterial hypertension it is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Its prevalence appears to be about 30-45% of the general population. Despite current knowledge the long-term adherence to cardiovascular drugs is still low in hypertension treatment. The Brazilian red propolis has a large content of phenols compounds such as isoflavones, this have been reported to exert beneficial effects in cardiovascular disease, including hypertension. Therefore the objective of this study was to investigate cardiovascular effects from a red propolis gastroretentive system (ESPV, patents register numbers BR 10 2012 013590-6 A2 and WO 2014/186851) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The HPLC-UV analysis showed in ESPV chemical composition the presence propolis chemical markers: daidzein, biochanin A, liquiritigenin, pinobanksin, isoliquiritigenin, formononetin and pinocembrina. The cytotoxicity from ESPV was evaluate on macrophage J774 by MTT assay and exhibited IC50 = 72.86 μg/mL. Intravenous injection of ESPV caused a hipotensive dose-dependent effect at 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg/kg, unchanges heart rate in conscious SHR. The hypotensive effect was not affected by anesthesia. In intact rings of rat mesenteric artery pre-contracted with 10 μM phenylephrine, ESPV induced relaxations (Emax = 100 ± 0.4 %; pD2 = 1.08 ± 0.02 μg/mL) that were affected by endothelium removal, (Emax = 56.7 ± 2 %; pD2 = 1.37 ± 0.04 μg/mL). In an antihypertensive study, ESPV (75 and 150 mg/kg) was orally administered to Juvenile (11-week-old) and young adult (24-week-old) SHRs, and the systolic pressure were measured using the tail-cuff method before and 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after beginning of treatment. Was observed a significant antihypertensive effect from 14th day of treatment only in young adult SHR, with decreased by 56 mmHg compared with baseline systolic blood pressure. Furthermore, the treatment reduced left ventricular hypertrophy in young adult SHR as evident by myocardial morphometry. The vascular function of mesenteric arteries was also investigated at the end of the treatment with ESPV in young adult SHR, the endothelium-independent relaxations to sodium nitroprusside (10-3 to 3.10-4 M) was unchanged compared to control. For other hand, endothelium-dependent relaxations to acetylcholine (10-3 to 3.10-4 M) was markedly improve (Emax = 76.4 ± 3.8% e pD2 = -8.72 ± 3.8 M). We therefore investigated vascular reactivity to acetylcholine (10-3 to 3.10-4 M) also in the presence of the nonspecific NOS inhibitor L-NAME (3.10-3 M), in order to assess NO-dependent relaxation. In these, relaxation response was abolished (Emax = 18.9 ± 1.65% e pD2 = -5.12 ± 0.33 M). Similary, the acetylcholine relaxation in the presence of L-NAME plus a cyclooxygenase antagonist, indomethacin (10-3 M), was too antagonized (Emax = 15.90 ± 1.32 % e pD2 = -5.39 ± 0.24 M), indicating that the response to ESPV treatement involves the enhancement of the nitric oxide via NOS relaxations. These results disclosed that ESPV is effective to lower blood pressure only of young adult SHR, its antihypertensive effect is associated with lowering left ventricular hypertrophy and probably by decrease peripheral vascular resistance, improving endothelial function and increasing the NO-dependent relaxation via NOS.