A brincadeira e o processo de constituição do eu-psíquico da criança: implicações para a educação infantil

Abstract

The present research project refers to a work of master dissertation developed in the Graduate Program in Education, Master in Brazilian education, of the Education Center of the Federal University of Alagoas. The study investigates the relationship between play and the process of constitution of the self in the child and the implications for early childhood education. It is based on the Henri Wallon’s theory of psychogenesis of the whole person, in his contributions on the play, the development elements that enable the play, such as the simulacrum, the construction of mental space, symbolic function, imitation and representation, and which collaborate with the process of differentiation self-other. It starts from the hypothesis that there is a relationship between play and the process of constitution of the self and presents evolution according to the range-age. The research project involved systematic observation of situations of free play among children in a structured space for play in a early childhood education institution located in the university. To this observation three groups of children aged 3, 4 and 5 years that are in the stage of personalism, as proposed by Wallon, were selected. The groups were composed of 5 children of the same age and both sexes. In the institutional environment it was used a space arranged for play, which was structured around areas of interest such as: home, toys and blocks, reading and fantasy and beauty. Six sessions of play situations were video recording for each of these groups of children in the same playroom. Each session lasted about 20-25 minutes. Having been made the video recording the sessions were cut into a few episodes of interaction that were related to the research objectives, which were analyzed using a theoretical approach adopted for this study. The analysis indicate the existence of relationship between the child and the process of constitution of the person and that play presents evolutions according to the age of children in relation to the elements of development that enable the play.