Uso de técnicas moleculares para detecção, monitoramento e controle de fitonematoides

Abstract

Phytonematodes are among the main phytosanitary problems of perennial crops in Brazil and worldwide. Estimates of loss at a global level are in the order of billions of dollars, arising from the annual decrease in the harvest, on average 12.3% of the annual losses around the 40 main crops. It is estimated that this percentage in developing countries exceeds 14% and in developed nations, it is below 10%. To mitigate this scenario of losses, some strategies have been developed to reduce these impacts, among them we can highlight the choice of efficient methods for the management of these parasites in the field. In recent years with technological advances and the advent of molecular tools, these are increasingly being used to determine identification, monitoring and even control. Techniques that use molecules for detection have some advantages compared to more traditional methods due to their precision and specificity. For the control of phytonematodes, molecular tools are being used more and more applied in the field with the purpose of: silencing genes, important for the development of the pest; development of resistant varieties; detection of the pathogen in the plant; precise species identification. The present work aimed to evaluate, through bibliographic research, the use of molecular tools used in various spheres of plant parasitic nematodes control, such as their identification, monitoring and control itself. Regarding the use of these molecular techniques for identification, amplification techniques (PCR) and sequencing techniques as well as (NGS) techniques were present in 97% and 19%, respectively, of the selected articles. As for the molecular technique used for control, RNA interference (RNAi) was observed in 44% of the selected articles, being the main one for this purpose. In Brazil, the main molecular techniques used are genetic amplification techniques (PCR and qPCR) and next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Keywords: Nematodes; Integrated Pest Management; RT-PCR; RNAi