As violações dos direitos humanos no Governo Bolsonaro (2019 - 2022): a reatualização da política de segurança pública de tolerância zero no Brasil

Abstract

The object of study sought to highlight the historical moment of the violations that occurred in the Bolsonaro government (2019 - 2022) and their implications for the realization of Human Rights. At a time when the zero-tolerance policy was re-updated in his government, which both criminalizes petty crimes (crimes without violence and serious threats) committed by the marginalized classes, and encourages an increase in incarceration, as can be seen in the data statistics presented in this investigation. To carry out qualitative-quantitative study, bibliographic research was used, using works by authors such as: Loïc Wacquant (2011), Jamerson Murillo Anunciação de Souza (2016), Rafael Zimmermann (2014), Sérgio Salomão Shecaira (2009), Krauser; Engelmann; Hauser (2020), and other sources - in order to address issues inherent to human rights, the zero-tolerance policy and the Bolsonaro government and to deal with the profile of the prison population - and documentary research extracted, above all, from statistical data the National Penitentiary Department (DEPEN) (2022). Through the study, it was possible to apprehend the political profile of the Bolsonaro government and its actions and directions in the face of the re-updating of the zero tolerance policy, which is understood as a policy that violates human rights. As a consequence of the implementation of this policy, from 2020 onwards, an alarming increase in the number of prisoners was observed in several regions of the country, such as in Pernambuco (where the rate was 344 thousand prisoners and became 461 thousand), in Roraima (from 462 thousand to 675 thousand), in Santa Catarina (from 320 thousand to 330 thousand). In this sense, massive incarceration is presented as a consequence of this “zero tolerance” policy that punishes and applies the laws more severely to the impoverished strata. According to the data released by the national survey carried out DEPEN, it is possible to conclude, with this study, that the prison population is composed mostly of young people, black people with little or no education and convicted of crimes of trafficking, robberies and thefts, considered crimes against property. These crimes are seen as light crimes because they do not involve serious threats and/or violence, however, they are still crimes. It was also possible to apprehend the social factors that precede the actions of such crimes, when they are influenced by the actions (or lack of actions) of the government, by abandoning the social classes that need attention to guarantee their rights. However, it is important to point out that these are issues inherent to the capital order itself, and that will only be resolved through human emancipation.