Estado nutricional de gestantes de alto risco e sua relação com perfil clínico e qualidade de vida

Abstract

Worldwide, there is an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. According to Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics data from 2019, 1.6% of the adult population was underweight and 60.3% were overweight, with a prevalence of obesity of 25.9%. Several studies have evaluated the effects of maternal nutritional status on pregnancy complications and unfavorable maternal and newborn outcomes, but few address this assessment in the context of high-risk pregnancies. In addition to the clinical status, a pregnant woman's quality of life could be impacted during the gestational period, as it is a time of many changes. Objective: to assess the nutritional status of high-risk pregnant women attended at the Professor Alberto Antunes University Hospital (HUPAA/UFAL) and its relationship with the clinical status and quality of life in the perinatal period. Methodology: cross-sectional study, carried out with voluntary puerperal women within 48 hours of postpartum, using a sociodemographic questionnaire developed for this study and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. In all, 53 volunteers participated in the survey. Results: the prevalence of underweight in the studied sample was 5.66%, overweight was 73.58%, 33.96% being overweight and 39.62% obese. The percentage of pregnant women with insufficient weight gain was 20.75% and the excessive gain was 49.06%. Higher occurrence of complications related to the hypertensive syndrome in obese patients and higher occurrence of infectious complications and prematurity in low weight patients. The newborn's weight at birth showed a difference between the groups, with a lower mean weight in the underweight and normal weight groups, while a higher mean weight occurred in the obese group. There were no differences in quality of life scores in relation to nutritional status. Conclusion: The high prevalence of obesity in high-risk pregnant women and the association between maternal nutritional status and the occurrence of conditions that interfere with the maternal and newborn perinatal outcome emphasizes the importance of measures aimed at improving the nutritional status of women prior to during pregnancy and during prenatal care.