A (des)igualdade no processo de acumulação de capital na formação socioeconômica do Brasil

Abstract

In the pandemic context, the aggravation of the structural crisis of capital has generated, according to some economists, two movements worldwide: release of resources for social policies in countries with central capitalism, and the deepening of neoliberalism in countries with peripheral capitalism, with loss of rights through restrictive reforms, as part of the logic of uneven and combined development of imperialist-type social dynamics. This scenario has placed the issue of (in)equality on the agenda. From the perspective of political economy, the State and Law have been presented as the privileged locus to address solutions in this area. However, the onto-historical study - mediated by work - of Social Equality, as well as the function and social nature of the State and Law, reveals that only a given form of work can lead to substantive equality, especially in categories of analysis such as gender and race, thus, showing that the State as a personification of law, in promoting the form-subject of law, can only grant equality, in the limit, formal and abstract, therefore, a fetish. Thus, based on historical materialism, this thesis, the result of socially based bibliographic research, investigates the social (in)equality in the process of capital accumulation in the socioeconomic formation of Brazil, seeking to answer the following problem question: considering the (dis) social equality as a constitutive part of the social question and evaluating its onto-historical expressions, does social equality present itself as a historical impossibility? In this analytical process, three hypotheses were raised as investigative lines, namely: a) the materiality conditions on which men historically organize their existence, sustain the relationship: equality and inequality; b) the State and the Law, seen as the locus for promoting social equality, at the limit, promote a merely abstract formal equality that, however substantial it may be, will never be substantive; c) the social form of work organization determines the quantum, nature and social function of social equality. In order to try to encompass the totality of the researched object, within the limits of the proposed outline, the general objective of the thesis is to investigate the social (inequality) in the socioeconomic formation of Brazil, starting from its antecedents - trying to show its genesis - until reaching its rebates, in order to demonstrate how, through a set of mediations, these rebates slip to the present day. It is referenced in authors such as Marx (2017), Mészáros (2006), Carcanholo (2008), Bobbio (1997), Trindade (2010), Mascaro (2013), Clastres (1979), Leacock (2012), Federici (2004), Almeida (2018), Quijano (2005), Williams (1975), James (2010), Diop (2014), Ki-Zerbo (2010), Mokhtar (2010), among others, the thesis affirms the impossibility of social equality under the capital social relationship, therefore, only the associated work is capable of ensuring a truly substantive equality.