Abuso sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: da violação dos direitos às formas de enfrentamento no município de Maceió (AL)

Abstract

This work aims to understand the current situation of violation of the rights of children and adolescents in Brazil. It is focusing primarily on sexual abuse concerning children and adolescents mainly located on the municipal of Maceio-AL. From methodological procedures, the research is qualitative bibliographic and documentary with quantitative data resources. Thus, it was made use of bibliographic research, from authors such as Viviane de Azevedo Guerra (2005), Vicente de Paula Faleiros (1997), among others. It was also used documentary research, with the help of the Municipal Health Plan of Maceió 2018-2021, the National Plan to Combat Sexual Violence against Children and Adolescents (2013) and the Statute of the Child and Adolescent (1990). We also used exploratory research, with the help of statistical data, from sources such as the Ministry of Health (2018) and Dial 100 (2019). And finally, a reflective and critical analysis of the contents addressed concerning the rights of children and adolescents was the result of several years of history and social and political contexts. The laws established mechanisms that could meet the needs of this public based on reality and changes in forms of violence that take different characteristics over time. Therefore, it concludes that only after recognition of the law before the State and society, the rights of children and adolescents are guaranteed, minimally to be ensured. Even with the advancement of bills in the 21st century, we see the rights of children and adolescents being violated. Those violations occur in most various areas such as; State, institutions, and society. These actions require confrontation of the breach that affects them — needing the attention and protection of the family/guardians, the State, and society as a whole. Furthermore, the reality found in Maceio-AL is the same that occurs in Brazil as a whole. The lack of confronting sexual abuse is evident. The absence in the updating of broad statistical data on sexual abuse, the impact caused by underreporting, negligence and professional unpreparedness to deal with cases, the failures in the social protection network, being placed as examples and crucial points that lead to the violation of the rights of children and adolescents.