Gerenciamento da dor neonatal pela equipe multiprofissional em procedimentos dolorosos: um estudo transversal

Abstract

Pain is considered a global health problem and adherence to its proper management is a human right, especially in the neonatal period, when it’s expressed so peculiarly. Neonatal pain management by the multidisciplinary team in painful procedures is presented as a research object with the following question: How does neonatal pain management occur by the multidisciplinary team in painful procedures? The general objective was to evaluate pain management by the multidisciplinary team in painful procedures for newborns admitted to the Neonatal Unit. Descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative study, carried out from February to September 2019, after approval on the basis of opinion 3.082.531. Two reference teaching hospitals in the care of at-risk newborns in the state of Alagoas were chosen, and the sample consisted of 42 professionals from the multidisciplinary team (nurses, doctors, physiotherapists, speech therapists, technicians and nursing assistants) working in the care of the newborn hospitalized in intensive care units and conventional neonatal intermediate care. Data collection occurred in three stages: 1. Questionnaire application; 2. Formulation of the observation sheet appropriate to the reality found in the units and with the help of professionals specialized in the area; 3. Observation of clinical care practice for newborns during painful procedures. The data were tabulated and analyzed statistically with the EpiInfo® software version 3.5.3. Regarding sufficient knowledge to assess pain, there was a difference in responses (52,4% higher education "partially agreed" / 33,3% college education "disagreed"). The knowledge of specific pain scales was in agreement in varying levels of responses (26,3% higher education “totally agreed” / 38,15% college education “partially agreed”). In the observation stage: 100% of professionals in both groups did not apply neonatal pain scales, and the pain assessment was performed empirically. The majority in both groups did not use analgesic measures (84,2% higher education / 61,5% college education), and when they did, they used nonpharmacological measures such as facilitated containment, oral glucose, lap and non-nutritive sucking. There was no record in the medical records of pain management measures in 100% of the observation opportunities. There is a need for training and capacity building in neonatal units on a continuous basis, so that the professional is able to relate theory to practice and then offer the best therapy to the newborn, especially in relation to pain management.