Efeitos da ingestão aguda e crônica de metforma em organismos saudáveis em exercício de alta intensidade: abordagem metabolômica, fisiológica e de desempenho físico

Abstract

Metformin is a widely used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes with multiple cellular mechanisms. The action of metformin includes the reduction of hyperinsulinemia and peripheral insulin resistance, control of lipid metabolism, stimulation of glucose uptake and synthesis. Thus, this thesis was divided into two moments: (1) we performed the acute ingestion of metformin, 1h before the 30-s Wingate anaerobic test, considered the gold standard to measure performance in short duration and high intensity exercises in the cycling and (2) chronic metformin intake associated with high-intensity interval training to verify its effects on physical performance and on physiological and metabolic variables. In study (1), no differences were found between placebo and metformin for peak power (1056.8 ± 215.8 W vs. 1095.2 ± 199.3 W, respectively; p = 0.24). The mean power (630.9 ± 87.8 W vs. 613.1 ± 94.8 W, respectively; p = 0.01) and the total work (18928 ± 2633 kJ vs. 18393 ± 2845 kJ, respectively; p = 0.01) in the metformin condition were greater than in the placebo. Potency was greater in metformin when compared to placebo at times 3 (p = 0.01), 4 (p = 0.01), 5 (p = 0.04), 6 (p = 0.04), 7 (p = 0.02), 8 (p = 0.03) and 9 (p = 0.01) seconds. In study (2), regarding the number of jumps, we did not observe differences between the metformin and control groups. Regarding the increase in body mass, when we analyzed the eight complete weeks, there was no difference between groups, with only the difference in relation to training time remaining (p ˂ 0.001). Hepatic and soleus muscle glycogen were not altered by ingestion of metformin. The glycogen content of the gastrocnemius muscle was lower at the end of the eighth week in the metformin group When compared to the control group (p = 0.01). Thus, the acute administration of metformin increased the initial phase of potency and the average potency of a Wingate test and the chronic use of metformin, besides not improving the number of jumps and hepatic glycogen synthesis, negatively influences the glycogen synthesis muscle when compared to the control situation in healthy animals.