Desigualdade e diferenciação socioespacial em cidades médias do Sertão do São Francisco: Juazeiro (BA) e Petrolina (PE) – formação socioespacial e meio-técnico- científico informacional

Abstract

Understanding how socio-spatial formation of Sertão do São Francisco occurred is fundamental to identify the temporalities and spatialities that, concatenated by several actions and events (social, political and economic), created the region productive restructuring process and the space reconstitution of medium-sized cities Juazeiro (BA) and Petrolina (PE). As a theoretical-methodological approach, a periodization study was performed, considering two large space-time cutouts. The first one covered the period from the formation process of “Passagem do Joazeiro” territory beginning, specifically, from 17th century (1640) first half until the 1970s, in which “local and regional production circuits” held sway (SANTOS, 1997, 1998). The second occurred from the 1970s, which marks the beginning of irrigated perimeters on the region, until the 21st century (2020) second decade end, when certain social-spatial process prevailed, very similar to those characterized by Santos (1997, 1998) e Santos e Silveira (2006), as “spatial production circuits and circles of cooperation”. We understood that such choice may have implied a greater emphasis on times and events in certain periods, to the detriment of others. But, at the same time, it proved to be important to understand how production technical basis changes, in other words, the transition from one production circuit to another, notably interfered in Sertão do São Francisco productive restructuring activity, which had reflections in the Juazeiro and Petrolina urban restructuring. From these space-time cutouts, it was possible to identify elements of continuity (roughness) and ruptures (transformations) in socio-spatial structures and understand how events and processes mediated by different techniques and socio-spatial agents (objects and actions) influenced in Sertão do São Francisco structuring and restructuring space and production process, corroborating to unveil socio-spatial differentiations and inequalities between Juazeiro and Petrolina, especially in the period labeled by Santos (1985, 1994, 1996) as “technical-scientific-informational”.