Tratamento de efluentes e reatores de circulação interna: uma breve revisão e aplicação

Abstract

The most important resource that society has is water, but over the years this resource has been suffering from pollution mainly due to industrialization. In view of this problem, the concern with the quality of this resource is present in society since the first civilizations. So, to mitigate these effects, the treatment of effluents, responsible for the reduction of the organic load of both domestic and industrial waste, emerges. In this work, we sought to present a brief history on the treatment of effluents from the first traces of waste treatment to the industrial revolution and later with the emergence of ISO standards that is integrated in the Environmental Management System (EMS) in the world and in Brazil, in addition to national legislation. In a second step, we sought to make a summary of conventional water treatment from sampling, characterization, equipment, processes, and the effluent treatment system itself. As anaerobic internal circulation (IC) reactors are one of the most promising systems due to its simplicity and efficiency, it was decided to focus on these reactors, as well as to present case studies that prove the efficiency of these reactors in the treatment of effluents in the beverage industry and cellulose.