Divisão do trabalho na sociedade capitalista: corolário da exploração do trabalho

Abstract

The present work of completion of the course, entitled "Division of labor in capitalist society: corollary of the exploitation of work", results from the systematization, from the theoretical reflection of our research carried out in the Scientific Initiation Program-PIBIC/ UFAL, cycle 2019-2020. The object of study of this work is the division of labor in capitalist society, its historical procedurality in the dynamics of capitalist reproduction. It is initially based on the knowledge of the ontological foundations of work, as the foundation base of the social being and of all human activity to understand why and how abstract work in class societies, particularly in capitalism becomes the fundamental element for the reproduction of the socio-technical division of labor. The Marxian perspective guided the theoretical research, of bibliographic nature carried out, from the appropriation of the foundations of the division of labor and its historicity in the primitive community and in the class societies, and, mainly, in the particularity of the processes of organization of capitalist production. The mastery of these foundations allowed us to grasp that the division of labor becomes a driving force for the advancement of productive forces in the capitalist mode of production, as a specific means of exploitation of capital over labor. Marx, from a perspective of totality, uncovered the process of cooperation, the division of labor in manufacturing, in the large industry, to then demonstrate how the development of productive forces technically enabled the expansion of the extraction of the worker's added value, whether absolute or relative, and the accumulation of capital. In the continuity of studies, it is insating that the development of monopolistic capitalism, inaugurated with the standards of Taylorist-Fordist organization, demonstrated the urgency of modernizing the division of labor in the face of responses to the cyclical crises of capital to ensure its accumulation. In the process of productive restructuring, also in response to the structural crisis of capital, it is carried out through the insertion of flexible production, with the adoption of microelectronics and robotics to the work process, the acceleration of the development of productive forces and, contradictorily, significant transformations that precarious the conditions and relationships of workers' work and life. Finally, it is assumed that the socio-technical division of the original work in manufacturing production that divides/ fragments manual and intellectual work does not change in essence, since the intense exploitation of labor remains the presupposition of the existence and continuous reproduction of capitalist society.