Empoderamento feminino e sustentabilidade no extrativismo da aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia): desafios e perspectivas na foz do rio são francisco

Abstract

Forest extraction is essential for the subsistence of several communities in Brazil, especially in the extraction of non-timber forest products (NTFP), such as the aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia). At the mouth of the São Francisco River, the dehydration of the aroeira fruit, known as pink pepper, represents an important source of income for riverside communities, especially for women. This study analyzed the socioeconomic impacts and gender dynamics of aroeira extraction, using a mixed approach, with the application of questionnaires and participatory workshops. It was found that 79% of the extractivists are women, most of whom have low levels of education and income of up to one minimum wage. Only 28.3% consider extractivism as their main occupation, reflecting low productivity. Women who directly participate in extractivism face work overload and an accumulation of unpaid domestic activities. It was observed that the sustainability of this activity depends on inclusive public policies and greater recognition of women in governance and access to resources. Female participation in agricultural cooperatives, such as Associação Aroeira, shows promise for women’s economic empowerment and empowerment, but deeply entrenched gender roles still limit meaningful change. Overcoming these barriers requires promoting gender equity, valuing women’s ecological knowledge, and challenging traditional power structures.