Perspectivas sobre a regularização ambiental de imóveis rurais em alagoas com base no cadastro ambiental rural (CAR)

Abstract

Environmental regularization is essential for all rural properties, through actions and measures aimed at ensuring environmental maintenance, recovery, and compensation. In this context, the CAR (Rural Environmental Registry) was created, which is an instrument of Law No. 12,651/2012. Its purpose is to record all environmental information on rural properties throughout the country, such as Permanent Protection Areas (APP), restricted use areas, consolidated areas, remnants of native vegetation, and water bodies. The objective of this study was to analyze the environmental regularization of rural properties in Alagoas based on the CAR, identifying the current stage of implementation, technical and institutional obstacles, and strategies that can optimize its application as an environmental management tool. To this end, the research adopted a descriptive and documentary methodology, using data obtained from the Alagoas Institute of the Environment (IMA/AL), the Brazilian Forest Service (SFB) Environmental Regularization Panel, and the National Rural Environmental Registry System (SICAR). The information was organized and analyzed, which enabled a comparison between the number of registrations, the declared areas, and the status of environmental regularization in the state. The results showed that, as of September 2025, Alagoas had 137,052 registered rural properties, corresponding to an area of 2,437,531.87 hectares, which represents approximately 87.8% of the total area of the state. The analysis also revealed the predominance of small rural properties, with up to four fiscal modules, which correspond to 97.8% of the registrations made. Despite the significant increase in the number of registrations over the last decade, only 5,026 properties were effectively analyzed and 55 owners joined the Environmental Regularization Program (PRA), indicating a low rate of validation and compliance with the final stages of the regularization process. Among the main obstacles identified are registration inconsistencies, the limited number of technicians available for analysis, the costs of regularization, and the resistance of some producers to join the PRA. Even so, the research showed significant progress with the adoption of initiatives such as the RetifiCAR Program and the use of automated analysis tools. Thus, it is understood that the CAR in Alagoas represents a milestone in the construction of a consistent environmental database and in the consolidation of territorial management policies, but it still faces significant challenges in terms of validation and effective adherence to the Environmental Regularization Program.