Análise do aproveitamento e gerenciamento de resíduos gerados no processo de desdobro de uma serraria utilizando a ferramenta PDCA

Abstract

The forestry sector holds significant economic importance but faces challenges in waste management due to the extensive supply of wood products and by-products. In Alagoas, recovery rates are below 1%, highlighting the need for improvements in waste management practices. The application of the PDCA cycle enables the identification of failures and the proposal of sustainable solutions for solid waste management. This study aimed to analyze the utilization and management of waste generated during the sawing process in a sawmill located in the municipality of Murici-AL, using the PDCA methodology. For the evaluation, a questionnaire was administered, and in situ assessments of qualitative and quantitative data were conducted to analyze factors related to the sawmill, which manufactures rustic furniture and trowels. The study evaluated lumber yield and losses, waste generation, and challenges in managing these materials. Data validation was performed using ANOVA (p<0.01) for response variables, along with the Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn tests. The analysis showed that wood yield varies according to the size of the received sawn piece; larger pieces had yields of up to 75%, while smaller pieces had yields below 50%, resulting in higher losses. The main waste types generated include sawdust, wood shavings, wood trimmings, and defective pieces. The study revealed the absence of a Solid Waste Management Plan (PGRS) in the sawmill and the lack of partnerships for proper waste disposal, leading to material accumulation and disposal costs. The PDCA methodology was applied to propose process improvements, addressing the identified issues, actions, and goals to resolve challenges within the sawmill. These actions aim to optimize raw material use, reduce losses, add value to waste, and ensure compliance with current environmental legislation.